Diabetic Bread, Goat Milk Formula, Soda, Sun Lamps, and Cigarettes

Part III

Citrus and Other Fruits

keep him active
..longer
With plenty of citrus fruit”

Advertisement by Florida Citrus Commission
Journal of the American Medical Association
May 5, 1951

“At the other end of the age gamut, optimal nutrition can make a tremendous difference in the vigor and stamina of the oldster. Many geriatricians stress the importance of vitamin C in the management of geriatric diets…”

“more drive in life…
sparked by citrus fruits and juices!”

Advertisement by the Florida Citrus Commission
Journal of the American Medical Association
November 8, 1941

“In their remarkable nutritional enhancement of stamina, growth, and resistance to disease, and their ready patient acceptance, citrus fruits must be ranked among essential foods…
Whether fresh, canned, concentrated or frozen…
In pre- or postoperative supportive therapy, during pregnancy and lactation or for infants and children.”

“at every age
CITRUS supplies needed vitamin C
FLORIDA Citrus”

Advertisement by Forida Citrus Commission
Journal of the American Medical Association
April 10, 1954

“From the third week of life through childhood, adolescence, and adult life, citrus fruits can supply rich sources of vitamin C — so essential to sound health and development. When ascorbic acid requirements increase as in pregnancy, lactation, periods of elevated metabolism, and convalescence from illness or surgery, citrus is even more valuable.”

Faulty Diet
At Base of Many Dental Ills
Investigations Show
Importance of Vitamin C

Advertisement by California Fruit Growers Exchange for Sunkist oranges, lemons, and grapefruit
Journal of the American Medical Association
April 18, 1931

“Case records on 191 patients in one research disclosed an almost uniform correlation of dental disorders with a vitamin C deficiency. No other diet fault was common to the group.
“Two full-sized glasses of orange juice with the juice of half a lemon in each were found to provide an ample daily supply of antiscorbutic in almost every case noted. The progress of decay was arrested; gingival irritations improved and in many cases disappeared entirely…”

“FREE
to…
Dentists and Physicians:
New report Showing Effect of Diet
Deficiencies on General and Dental Health

Advertisement by California Fruit Growers Exchange
Journal of the American Medical Association
September 27, 1930

“RECENT findings in research on the relation of diet to health generally and dental disorders specifically are reported in ‘The Journal of the American Dental Association.’
“It places particular stress on vitamin C because it is just the factor in which the majority of diets are deficient.’
“…Citrus fruit juice was used ‘because it is so far as we know, the most concentrated source of vitamin C, and it seldom leads to physical disturbances.'”

“GOOD NEWS FOR YOUR PATIENTS
Fresh LEMON JUICE……..
TO INCREASE PALATABILITY
OF LOW SODIUM DIETS
Sunkist Lemons

Advertisement by Sunkist Growers
Journal of the American Medical Association
January 17, 1953

“Fresh lemon juice, because it is virtually sodium-free, is particularly suitable as a seasoning agent in the dietary management of hypertension, cardiac disease, especially when associated with congestive heart failure, and nephritis, and for patients receiving ACTH or cortisone. In weight-reducing diets, when salt restriction is advisable, fresh lemon juice will serve well to make the restricted diet more attractive to the palate.

“Suggest that a dish of lemon wedges be placed on the table with every meal whenever you have to impose a sodium-low diet.”

“HOW Bananas
Cure Scurvy
AS TOLD BY A WORLD NAVIGATOR”

Advertisement by United Fruit Company
Journal of the American Medical Association
March 14, 1931

“‘The second day we were on the road to high good health. It is amazing, the curative effect of fresh fruit, especially bananas, when you are suffering from scurvy. They seem to put new life and blood into you and draw the sickness right out of your body as though some huge and marvelous poultice had been applied.’”

The pick of the world’s finest …
TOMATO CROP
HEINZ
Tomato Juice

Advertisement by H.J. Heinz Company for Heinz tomato juice
Journal of the American Medical Association
August 27, 1932

“As a valuable source of Vitamins A, B, and C Heinz Tomato Juice may be safely included in your dietary recommendations. It also contains Vitamin G. Its purity is assured by Heinz’ 63-year reputation for preparing quality foods…”

“Here’s a
health-builder
that your patients
are sure to like
Welch’s for Breakfast
How It Wakens Appetites!” (2 pages)

Advertisement by Welch’s Grape Juice
Journal of the American Medical Association
August 16, 1930

“As a preface to breakfast — a drink for small children who rebel at taking liquid — or as a fountains election in place of beverages which contain harmful stimulants — Welch’s deserves the commendation physicians are giving it every day.

“A table delicacy…a liquid food with tonic benefits — Welch’s! We are proud to make a product which for more than 60 years has met with medial approval. Recommend it to your patients often, doctors.”


“Welch’s
Grape Juice”

Advertisement by
Journal of the American Medical Association
February 19, 1910

“…not only offers a palatable medium for administering olive oil and other somewhat disagreeable medication, but containing, as it does, only the full food properties of the best, fresh picked Concord Grapes, its co-operative merits, from a standpoint of nutrition, can hardly be overestimated.

“The Concord Grape, as every physician knows, has a greater nutrient vale than any other frit And all of the best of the best Concord Grapes is found under the Welch label — with nothing added and nothing taken away.

” Welch’s Grape Juice is sold by druggists everywhere.”

“Food energy, vitamins, minerals, properly balanced in
the diet nourish the system and help to restore health.
But unless the diet arouses the appetite of the
patient and pleases his taste, the intake of the
prescribed food or liquid may not be adequate
to produce the desired results.”

Advertisement by Hawaiian Pineapple Co., Ltd. for Dole pineapple juice
Journal of the American Medical Association
August 7, 1943

“When a patient turns down a fruit juice, it may be due to the fact that he has been too much of a particular variety.

“Dole Pineapple Juice is a satisfactory addition to the fruit juice diet. It has a flavor that pleases old and young. It can be prescribed with confidence because it is the true, undiluted juice of big, perfect pineapples ripened on the plants…”

“For The Average Man
Dole Pineapple Juice is a good source
of Thiamine and Ascorbic Acid”

Advertisement by Dole Hawaiian Pineapple Juice
Journal of the American Medical Association
December 6, 1941

“Authoritative analyses and assays accepted by the Council on Foods and Nutrition of the American Medical Association show that a 6-oz. serving of Dole Pineapple Juice (approximately 100 calories) contains 240 I.U. of Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) and 100 I.U. of Vitamin B₁ (Thiamine).”

“For The Average Woman
Dole Pineapple Juice is a good source
of Thiamine and Ascorbic Acid”

Advertisement by Dole Hawaiian Pineapple Juice
Journal of the American Medical Association
November 8, 1941

“A delectable
aid to
dental
health”

Advertisement by the National Apple Institute in behalf od the apple growers of America
Journal of the American Medical Association
April 10, 1954

“Today’s diet, often soft and containing relatively large amounts of carbohydrates, poses a constant threat to teeth and gingivae. A fresh juicy apple after meals is a tasty aid to conservation of dental health. The apple is a succulent cleanser, highly efficacious, convenient and enjoyable. Its firm chewable texture gives needed massage to flabby gums. Its delicate aroma and lively flavor stimulate the salivary glands to copious secretion. These benefits are provided through regular everyday eating of apples. Your patients will quickly recognize the merits of a recommendation to ‘eat an apple after meals.'”

“CRANBERRIES
for the
CHILD
Eatmor
Cranberries

Advertisement by American Cranberry Exchange
Journal of the American Medical Association
October 18, 1930

“Bright red berries which appeal to little eyes. Delightful tart aromatic taste to urge another bite. And, besides, things that little bodies need. Acidity to aid digestion and help take in the minerals so necessary for strong straight bones and good teeth. Enough bulk to help make regular the daily movements. And energy for the strenuous play of little people…”

For your food file — interesting facts on Canned Apricots

Advertisement by American Can Company
Journal of the American Medical Association
April 10, 1954

“If you would like free file cards bearing similar information on peas, cherries, corn, plums, and grapefruit juice, write to: General Research Laboratory, American Can Co., Maywood, Illinois.”

Infectious Diseases II

“WHEN THE DOCTOR IS JUDGE – NEOSALVARSAN”

Advertisement by H.A. Metz Laboratories
Journal of the American Medical Association
December 28, 1929

“When demanding evidence on the therapeutic value of an antisyphilitic arsenical, the physicians asks first and foremost how effectively it destroys the spirochetes.
“For Neosalvarsan, the proof of efficiency will be accepted at once. Here is the evidence:
“The expert testimony of Ehrlich, who, after synthesizing a large number of soluble arsenicals, selected Neosalvarsan because it combines high potency with ready solubility and low toxicity.
“The indisputable clinical findings, combining thousands of published reports from all parts of the world during the last seventeen years.
“The results of the trypanosome test — an effective spirocheticidal activity –which has been adopted by the manufacturers of Neosalvarsan as a routine procedure — an additional guarantee of antisyphilitic potency.”

Syphilis Strikes
ONE
OUT OF TEN ADULTS” (2 pages)

Advertisement by Mallinckrodt Chemical Works
Journal of the American Medical Association
November 27, 1937

“Over one-half million people in the United States are stricken with syphilis each year. Physicians, board of health authorities, hospitals and clinics have combined their efforts in an attempt to control the scourge. Widespread publicity and militant articles in the lay press are bringing about a greater cooperation from the public. The cry rings out, ‘Syphilis must go!'”

“THIS ABOVE ALL:
Safety

Advertisement by Parke, Davis & Company for Mapharsen (meta-amino-para-hydroxy-phenylarsine oxide hydrochloride [an anti-syphilis medication])
Journal of the American Medical Association
October 31, 1942

“Reproduction of title page of one of the oldest, if not the first, tracts written on syphilis, ‘Tractus de Pestilentiali Scorra,’ by Josef Grunpeck Von Buckhouse, published in 1496.”

“The Coronary Arteries”

“Subacute bacterial
endocarditis, resistant to
penicillin therapy, frequently
responds to
Aureomycin (CHLORTETRACYCLINE)
Aureomycin is also of value,
Against susceptible organisms,
In the prophylactic treatment
Of rheumatic heart disease.”

Advertisement by American Cyanamid Company Lederle Laboratories Division
Journal of the American Medical Association
February 13, 1954

Anatomy of the Lung
Aureomycin
in
Pulmonary Infections

AUREOMYCIN — with its broad range of activity against bacteria, rickettsiae, large viruses, and certain protozoa — often unsurpassed scope in the treatment of infections involving the pulmonary tissues. Often, after failure of other agents, aureomycin has demonstrated great effectiveness in pneumonia — staphylococcic, pneumococcic, streptococcic; klebsiellel; influenzal; tularemic; and primary atypical, of virus of unknown etiology. Although not proved effective against the influenza virus, aureomycin prevents secondary invasion in clinical influenza and usually brings about impressive clinical improvement…”

Advertisement by American Cyanamid Company Lederle Laboratories Division
Journal of the American Medical Association
January 17, 1953

WHEN SCARLET FEVER
THREATENS…”

Advertisement by Eli Lilly and Company for Streptococcus Antitoxin, Lilly
Journal of the American Medical Association
February 2, 1929

“FROM 1918 to 1925 there were more than a million cases of scarlet fever in the United States, mostly among children. Effective weapons for the control and treatment of scarlet fever are now in the hands of the medical profession, and incidence, complications following the disease, and mortality rate, should show marked reduction.

“PROPHYLAXIS — Ricinolcated Antigen, Scarlet Fever, Immunizing, Lilly, is indicated for use in epidemic periods for unexposed subjects of the susceptible age-group It rapidly induces both anti-toxic and antibactericidal immunity…

“TREATMENT — Scarlet Fever Streptococcus Antitoxin, Lilly, is especially indicated in the uncomplicated, but severe, toxic case of scarlet fever…”

“In ERYSIPELAS . . . Use ANTITOXIN”

Advertisement by Lederle Laboratories for Erysipelas Streptoccus Antitoxin
Journal of the American Medical Association
October 25, 1941

“AT the present time Bellevue Hospital in New York City, which maintains one of the most active erysipelas services in the world, employs Erysipelas Streptococcus Antitoxin to the exclusion of other methods…In the past three years, eighteen hundred erysipelas patients in the wards of Bellevue Hospital have been treated by the intramuscular injection of antitoxin. In some patients one therapeutic dose was sufficient. The average patient required two or three doses, some patients five or six.”

Penicillin
‘…A Clinical Weapon of Unsurpassed Excellence’”

Advertisement by Merck & Co., Inc.
Journal of the American Medical Association
June 17, 1953

“MINIMAL TOXICITY
“‘Penicillin remains a pharmacologic curiosity because of its almost completely innocuous character. No toxic effects of the dose-related type have been reported; this is the more remarkable in view of the enormous number of persons (literally millions) who have received the drug…’”

“When staphylococci resist use the drug of choice
Erythrocin (Erythromycin)”

Advertisement by Abbott Laboratories
Journal of the American Medical Association
February 13, 1954

“HIGHLY-ACTIVE ERYTHROCIN is also effective against streptococci and pneumococci. Less likely to alter normal intestinal flora than most other oral antibiotics. Gastrointestinal disturbances are rare, with no serious side effects reported.”

“From 1812 To 1930 —
IODINE has stood
the test of time!”

Advertisement by the Iodine Educational Bureau
Journal of the American Medical Association
July 19, 1930

“Physicians and surgeons have used Tincture of Iodine for many years in preparing their patients for operations — its consistent sterilizing dependability is the reason!

“FACE the facts! The forward march of medical science has left unshaken, the confidence of the great body of surgeons and physicians in IODINE. It has staunchly stood the test of time — from scratch to major operation!

“Discovered in 1812, IODINE has steadily borne out its early promise of effectiveness. In 1930 it is still in the first line of defense against sepsis — a trustworthy anti-septic in modern medical science.”

“One savage lunge by a maddened dog
then rabies starts its dreaded course

Advertisement by E.R. Squibb & Sons for Rabies Vaccine Squibb and Pasteur Rabies Vaccine Squibb
Journal of the American Medical Association
August 2, 1930

“THE DREADED CRY of ‘mad dog’ will be heard increasingly in many cities and towns as the warm, summer months bring children and their pet dogs into the street. Rabies is one of the most dreaded diseases to the layman, principally because it is common knowledge that there is no cure for the infection after symptoms have appeared, and yet statistics show that rabies may be prevented in 99% of cases by administering promptly after the bite of the rabid animal, with Pasteur Rabies vaccine (21-dose treatment) or Semple Rabies Vaccine (14-dose treatment).”

“SULFADIAZENE
IN THE UNITED KINGDOM”

Advertisement by American Cyanamid Company Lederle Laboratories Division
Journal of the American Medical Association
January 13, 1951

“Basically useful and readily tolerated, this sulfonamide has been pre-eminent in chemotherapy throughout the world for the past decade…

“A galaxy of great names in the United Kingdom contributed to the early development of the sulfonamides…”

“SMALLPOX VACCINE SQUIBB”

Advertisement by E.R. Squibb & Sons
Journal of the American Medical Association
January 7, 1928

“THE greatest advance made in the production of Smallpox virus has been through the knowledge that mixing the fresh virus with glycerin preserves it for reasonably long periods, and at the same time purifies it through the elimination of extraneous organisms.

“SMALLPOX VACCINE SQUIBB is a glycerinated vaccine prepared under aseptic conditions, is highly concentrated and potent.

“To insure a high percentage of takes, the Squibb Vaccine is not released for the market until it has been shown, by observers not connected with the Squibb Laboratories, to be capable of producing 100% of successful vaccinations…”

How to guard your Child against his friends

Advertisement by Parke, Davis & Company for its “See Your Doctor” campaign
Journal of the American Medical Association
September 13, 1941

“AS SOON AS your child enters or returns to school, he establishes contact with countless families other than his own.
Directly or indirectly, he is exposed to whatever health hazards may exist among the families of his schoolmates, his friends — and their friends…

“Isn’t there anything you can do about it? Yes, there is. You can take your youngster to the doctor now — before sickness strikes.

“…most important of all — your doctor can determine whether a definite immunization program should be carried out.

“He can make your child immune from smallpox. So successful is the precaution of smallpox vaccination that, wherever it has been systematically used, the disease has virtually disappeared.

“Diphtheria can, of course, be prevented by immunization. Inoculation provides dependable protection against typhoid fever. And effective agents have now been developed for the prevention of whooping cough and scarlet fever…”

“COMBINED
FOR DEFENSE
DIPTHERIA
TETANUS
PERTUSSIS COMBINED”

Advertisement by The National Drug Company for diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis combined
Journal of the American Medical Association
October 18, 1947

“The satisfactory results achieved, the element of time saved, and the convenience for the patient have assured the wide acceptance of alum precipitated Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Combined. The triple defense action of these ‘Council-Accepted’ multiple antigens has shown evidence of dependable immunizing ability and enhanced activity…”

All You Can Prescribe

Thank you doctor for telling mother about…
(Children’s Size BAYER ASPIRIN)”

Advertisement by The Bayer Company Division of Sterling Drug Inc.
Journal of the American Medical Association
February 20, 1954

“The Best Tasting Aspirin you can prescribe
The Flavor Remains Stable down to the last tablet”

“NATURAL SALICYLIZATION”

Advertisement by The Wm. S. Merrell Company for Merrell’s Natural Sodium Salicylate
Journal of the American Medical Association
September 6, 1941

“The winter season of colds, influenza, tonsillitis, rheumatic and arthritic flare-ups is just around the corner. In these conditions, rapid anodyne and antipyretic action favoring symptomatic relief is available from the use of pure, carefully standardized Merrell’s Natural Sodium Salicylate.
“Merrell is the only pharmaceutical house that entirely produce es its own natural salicylates — controlling every step of production from forest to pharmacy.”

Thank you doctor for telling mother about…
(Children’s Size BAYER ASPIRIN)”

Advertisement by Sterling Drug Inc.
Journal of the American Medical Association
April 17, 1954

“5 TYPES
Of Petrolagar”

Advertisement by Petrolagar Laboratories, Inc. for Petrolagar liquid petrolatum laxatives
Journal of the American Medical Association
March 13, 1937

“To enable the physician to fit the treatment for the particular need of the patient, these five types afford a range of laxative potency which will meet practically every requirement of successful bowel management.”

“Louis Pasteur
“One of a series of Nineteenth Century Types. During the last century a London periodical, now out of print, caricatured world-famous men of medicine, science, law, and politics..
“Petrolagar has selected for reproduction, a number of these studies, interesting to modern men of medicine. Copies suitable for framing, together with a brief description of the subjects, will be sent to doctors on request…”

You Can Assure…adequate water, bulk, dispersion
With METAMUCIL…
Smoothage Therapy in Constipation”

Advertisement by Searle for Metamucil laxative
Journal of the American Medical Association
January 13, 1951

“RESTFUL
SLUMBER
WITH NEONAL”

Advertisement by Abbott Laboratories for Neonal barbiturate
Journal of the American Medical Association
July 26, 1930

“Insomnia caused by physical or mental fatigue or worry, psycho-neuroses, obsessions and mild cases of epilepsy usually yield to Neonal (n-butyl-ethyl barbituric acid). Small doses induce tranquil slumber usually of seven to eight hours duration, free from side and after-effects…

“Try Neonal yourself after an unusually hard day. You will feel refreshed and fit the next morning. The coupon will bring you clinical samples and literature.”

‘Sleep that knits up the
ravell’d sleave of care’
…AND SELDOM LEAVES ANY HEADINESS IN THE MORNING
Neonal”

Advertisement by Abbott Laboratories for Neonal (n-butyl-ethyl-barbiturate acid)
Journal of the American Medical Association
April 10, 1937

“Even in severe insomnias, relatively small doses of Neonal usually induce restful sleep lasting seven to eight hours. The patient awakens refreshed and relaxed. The feeling of well-being usually experienced after such a night of restful sleep frequently enables the patient to enter upon the new day with cheerfulness and self-assurance.”

Calm, Relaxed AND Awake
MEBARAL
BRAND OF MEPHOBARBITAL
for the hyperexcitability
so often found in
hypertension
hyperthyroidism
convulsive disorders
difficult menopause
psychoneurosis
hyperhidrosis”

Advertisement by Winthrop-Stearns, Inc. for Mebaral (mephobarbital)
Journal of the American Medical Association
April 10, 1954

“Mebaral’s soothing sedative effect is obtained without significantly clouding the patient’s mental faculties.”

Woman with a Problem
Here is the problem of ‘unaccountable’ nervousness,
irritability, headache, insomnia
….resulting in nervous upheavals
in the family life………..”

Advertisement by McNeil Laboratories, Inc. For Butisol Sodium (butabarbital sodium)
Journal of the American Medical Association
April 24, 1954

“‘Intermediate Sedative’ — is well suited for the control of menopausal symptoms. It may be used in small dosage throughout the day to relieve tension, diminish anxiety, reduce nervousness, and at bedtime to promote the relaxation necessary to ‘a good night’s sleep.'”

“Hypertension is a Daytime Disease
……Butisol is a Daytime Sedative
BUTISOL SODIUM”

Advertisement by McNeil Laboratories, Inc. for Butisol Sodium (butabarbital sodium)
Journal of the American Medical Association
April 10, 1954

“Control of the hypertensive patient throughout the day is admittedly difficult, but the type of sedation — ‘Intermediate Sedation’ — provided by Butisol gives the effect you desire…

“The gentle sedation of Butisol makes it possible to maintain a lowered basal blood pressure, without hindering the patient’s normal activities.”

“Treatment of disease, to a great extent, is built on confidence. The patient believes in the competence of his physician, and the doctor, in turn, relies upon the company whose products he prescribes.”

Advertisement by Eli Lilly and Company
Journal of the American Medical Association
October 4, 1941

“ILETIN
INSULIN ~ LILLY
INSULIN
‘AN EPOCH IN THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE’
‘A BOON TO THE HUMAN RACE’”

Advertisement by Eli Lilly and Company
Journal of the American Medical Association
April 19, 1930

“PROGRESS THROUGH RESEARCH
Iletin (Insulin, Lilly) was the first Insulin
Commercially available in the United States
The Insulin Era”

Advertisement by Eli Lilly and Company for Iletin (Insulin, Lilly)
Journal of the American Medical Association
March 1, 1930

“BEFORE Insulin was discovered the child diabetic under age ten years of age rarely lived more than two years; in the second decade, from four to six years; and after thirty years of age, from five to fifteen years. Now, with insulin, life may be extended indefinitely in so far as diabetes is concerned.

“It should not be necessary to urge Insulin therapy today in those cases where it is indicated but the fact remains that many diabetics are dying without having used it.

“Both the physician and the patient have a responsibility in materially improving the morbidity as well as the mortality rate of diabetes mellitus on this the Insulin era.

“On account of its characteristic uniformity, purity and stability Iletin (Insulin, Lilly) may be relied upon whenever insulin is needed.”

“As an Adjunct in the
Treatment of
ALCOHOLISM
Benzedrine Sulfate Tablets”

Advertisement by Smith, Kline & French Laboratories for Benzadrine Sulfate brand of amphetamine sulfate
Journal of the American Medical Association
September 13, 1941

“One of the newest and most interesting uses for which Benzadrine Sulfate has been accepted by the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the A.M.A. Is as an adjunct in the treatment of chronic alcoholism and also in alcoholic psychoses, although best results are reported in states of intoxication in which no psychosis is demonstrable.”

“WHEN
Thyroid Deficiency
UNDERLIES CHRONIC LETHARGY”

Advertisement by The Armour Laboratories for Thyroid Armour
Journal of the American Medical Association
October 31, 1942

“…regardless of whether the condition to be treated is mild or severe, it is essential that the thyroid prescribed have uniform unvarying potency. The Armour Laboratories have pioneered in the preparation of medicinal thyroid. Because they have available the world’s largest supply of raw material, they have been able to institute methods of selecting and blending to overcome the regional and seasonal variation in animal thyroid…”

“THYROXINE
SYNTHETIC
Indicated for the control of
hypothyroid manifestations

Advertisement by Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc. for Thyroxine Synthetic
Journal of the American Medical Association
April 19, 1930

“Chemical purity. Uniform, definite chemical composition. Flexibility in mode of administration; may be given orally or by injection. Dependable quantitative action”

Dilaudid
hydrochloride
COUNCIL ACCEPTED
For Relief of pain”

Advertisement by Bilhuber-Knoll Corp. for Dilaudid hydrochloride (dihydromorphinone hydrochloride)
Journal of the American Medical Association
November 27, 1937

“When an opiate is required Dilaudid acts more quickly and with fewer side effects. Dilaudid may be used orally, rectally or hypodermically.”

“Demerol
Powerful analgesia — smooth muscle relaxation. Especially suited for postoperative pain relief. Also excellent sedative and analgesic for preoperative use. Patients in all age groups respond favorably.
Warning: May be habit forming”

Advertisement by Winthrop-Stearns Inc. for Demerol Hydrochloride (meperidine)
Journal of the American Medical Association
September 27, 1941

“WHEN RELIEF OF PAIN
is of paramount importance

Advertisement by The S.E. Massengill Company for Methadone hydrochloride
Journal of the American Medical Association
October 16, 1948

“When severe pain must be controlled promptly and with certainty. Methadone Hydrochloride is given with advantage. This synthetic analgesic agent is less likely to produce nausea, vomiting and respiratory depression than is morphine in comparable analgesic doses. It is effective not only on intramuscular injection, but also when administered orally.

“Methadone Hydrochloride is indicated whenever pain must be controlled — in trauma, biliary or renal colic, painful orthopedic cionditions, and acute cardiac episodes associated with severe discomfort. Methadone Hydrochloride is also useful for controlling withdrawal symptoms in the treatment of morphine addiction…”

“THERE’LL BE Less Blowing
THIS SEASON”

Advertisement by Abbott Laboratories for Thenylene Hydrochoride (methapyrilene hydrochloride)
Journal of the American Medical Association
August 14, 1948

“Try THENYLENE on your hay fever cases…
THENYLENE is most effective in seasonal hay fever, nonseasonal allergic rhinitis and itching dermatoses, but it is useful in a wide range of allergic conditions…”

Curator’s note: Paintings, illustrations, prints, and other works by Julio de Diego (1900-1979), the artist commissioned by Abbott to paint the illustrations in this advertisement, are included in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago and many other museums in the United States.

It would take FOUR ELEVATOR TRIPS…
TO BRING TO YOUR OFFICE all the patients
WHO REPRESENT EACH OF THE many conditions
FOR WHICH SHORT-ACTING NEMBUTAL IS EFFECTIVE”

Advertisement by Abbott Laboratories for Nembutal (pentobarbital)
Journal of the American Medical Association
June 24, 1950

“TWENTY YEARS of clinical applications, over 500 published papers, more than 44 effective uses — that is one way to describe short-acting NEMBUTAL.

44 OF NEMBUTAL’S CLINICAL USES
sedative…
hypnotic…
obstetrical surgical…
pediatric…”

Curator’s note: Paintings by Robert Philipp (1895-1981), the artist commissioned by Abbott to paint the illustrations in this advertisement, are included in the collections of numerous major art museums in the United States. Philipp taught painting at the Art Students League of New York for 33 years.

“PASQUALE PREFERS HIS Amino Acids WELL ROUNDED, but…
When eating is impossible…
here is the way
to maintain
nitrogen balance
AMINOSOL”

Advertisement by Abbott Laboratories for Aminosol (modified fibrin hydrolysate)
Journal of the American Medical Association
December 2, 1950

“STILL QUEEN of the footlights
She carries on
right through the Menopause
…oral estrogen therapy that imparts no odor, no taste, no aftertaste”

Advertisement by Abbott Laboratories for Sulestrex Piperazine tablets (piperazine estrone sulfate)
Journal of the American Medical Association
April 21, 1951

Curator’s note: The textile designs of Laura Jean Allen (1916-2003), the artist commissioned by Abbott to paint the illustrations in these advertisements, are included in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum at the Fashion Institute of Technology. Her artwork appeared on 16 covers of The New Yorker from the 1960s through the 1980s.

“GETTING in the Pink…but
‘…..the
‘pink of condition’
is often overdone”

Advertisement by Abbott Laboratories for Butesin Picrate Ointment with Metaphen
Journal of the American Medical Association
July 21, 1945

“Outdoor enthusiasts welcome summer as a chance to get at their favorite sports again…forgetting, meanwhile, that it is an excellent chance to get a painful sunburn as well. When, sorely reminded, they come to you, quick relief is uppermost in their thoughts. This you can easily provide by using Butesin Picrate Ointment with Metaphen…”

Curator’s note: Paintings by Mervin Jules (1912-1994), the social realist painter and printmaker commissioned by Abbott to paint the illustrations in this advertisement, are included in the collections of numerous major art museums including the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Smithsonian American Aert Museum, and the Museum of Modern Art. Jules, who was paralyzed by polio as a child, served as chairman of the art departments at Smith College and the City University of New York.

MASTER OF HER CRAFT
…Dietary Dub

She plans her work,
But never her meals…

Advertisement by Abbott Laboratories for Abbott Vitamin Products
Journal of the American Medical Association
November 8, 1947

“SHE USES mealtime for playtime, and appeases her appetite with foods that can be quickly eaten. She belongs in the same class with the food faddists, the older woman on a self-imposed, ‘ill-advised’ reducing diet, the man ‘too busy’ to eat properly and all the others who contribute to the far too common incidence of subclinical vitamin deficiency. Your first thought, of course, when such patients come to you, is dietary reform and education. Since long standing eating habits are difficult to change quickly, many physicians prescribe a dependable vitamin supplement…more and more frequently an Abbott vitamin product — to make sure their patients will receive the full potential intended…”

OO ~ OO ~ OO LOOK!

Advertisement by Eljer Co. for the Eljerette local bath toilet seat
Journal of the American Medical Association
January 4, 1930

“Physicians have been quick to appreciate that the Eljerette is a practical economical means of making possible the local bath. And the importance of the local bath as a means to cleanliness and good health scarcely needs describing.”

“Patients with pruritis ani
regain composure

HydroCortone

Advertisement by Merck & Co. for its brand of hydrocortisone
Journal of the American Medical Association
April 3, 1954

Sun Lamps

“For Busy Hospitals…
the Hanovia Super Alpine Sun Lamp

Advertisement by Hanovia Chemical & Manufacturing Company
Journal of the American Medical Association
September 27, 1930

“THE necessity for treating several patients simultaneously has caused hundreds of hospitals and sanitoriums to adopt Hanovia Solarium installations for the rapid and efficient administration of ultraviolet Quartz mercury light.

“In his own office the physician finds that because Hanovia Super Alpine Sun Lamps yield the maximum intensity of ultraviolet — with instant operation and no attention, replacement or adjustments — he can treat more patients in less time.”

“THE GENERAL ELECTRIC
SUNLIGHT MAZDA LAMP
is safe for you to prescribe

Advertisement by General Electric for the Sunlight Mazda Lamp for use in the G.E. Sunlamp
Journal of the American Medical Association
January 17, 1933

“WHILE the G.E. Sunlight MAZDA Lamp is not advertised to the public for treatment purposes, it is safe for physicians to prescribe because its radiation is essentially free from short wave ultra-violet. The special glass of the bulb, like the atmosphere in Nature, filters out practically all radiation below 2800 Å [Angstroms].

“The Sunlight MAZDA Lamp is safe for you to prescribe because it offers to more danger of over-exposure than does summer sunlight itself.

“…Backed by the greatest name in electricity and sold in accordance with the requirements of the Council of Physical Therapy of the American Medical Assocation, the G.E. Sunlight MAZDA Lamp is now being prescribed by physicians as a source of safe, effective ultra-violet for general health maintenance, as well as for specific treatment…”

“ULTRA-VIOLET RADIATIONS
for the Expectant Mother
and the Child”

Advertisement by the Burdick Corporation for Burdick Quartz Mercury Arc Lamps
Journal of the American Medical Association
May 4, 1929

“THE care of the mother before confinement is vital. Every precaution must be taken to bring her baby into the world healthy and to insure a normal convalescence. During pregnancy there may be a great depletion of calcium through the growth of the fetus, and after parturition, a diminished amount of calcium in the blood, due to its being secreted in the milk. The need for an accelerated calcium metabolism during pregnancy is unquestionable and Air-cooled Ultra-violet therapy is a valuable aid in meeting this demand as well as promoting the health of the mother.

“EVEN a slight imbalance in the mother’s calcium metabolism may start the child on its life with a calcium deficiency; its bones will grow improperly; its teeth may erupt irregularly and improperly, and later the teeth may decay very rapidly. For a good calcium metabolism in addition to the proper diet, a course of Ultra-violet throughout pregnancy will do much to insure less pathology…”

X-Rays

“‘Come in, let me
show you my
new X-Ray
machine.'”

Advertisement by American X-Ray Corporation
Journal of the American Medic al Association
April 19, 1930

“Because that is a yardstick he understands, a patient is apt to judge professional skill and ability by the physical equipment you possess. To him it is tangible evidence that you will and can apply to his case every proved diagnostic aid. That’s human nature, and it’s pretty much the same if you practice at the cross roads or in a metropolis.

“X-Rays, an important factor in modern practice, also happens to appeal conspicuously to the imagination of the patient. Why not, therefore, suggest the next time Mr. Blank or his good lady are in your office: ‘Come in, let me show you my new X-Ray machine.’ They will be keenly interested, and appreciative of your courtesy. And incidentally they will leave your office with a firmer conviction than ever that you are equipped to serve them exceptionally well.”

“SHOWN IN THEIR TRUE LIGHT

RADIOGRAPHS PROVIDE DIAGNOSTIC FACTS”

Advertisement by Eastman Kodak Company
Journal of the American Medical Association
March 13, 1937

“Every patient complaining of localized pain and swelling should receive the benefit of early radiography…early enough to make treatment efficacious and results most satisfactory. If bone disease is suspected, no examination can be considered complete without the benefit of a thorough radiographic study. The facts can be elicited from the radiologist’s findings often may prove to be the most important factor in the entire diagnostic procedure.”

“’Do you see
what happened,
Johnny?’”

Advertisement by American X-Ray Corporation
Journal of the American Medical Association
March 15, 1930

“X-ray, because of the tangible proof it produces, appears tremendously to Johnny. And not to him alone. His parents will appreciate more than ever the exact, scientific care you applied to the management of this case. So put your X- ray equipment to work, not in its diagnostic and therapeutic sense only, but in the peculiar ability it possesses of creating confidence and full recognition of your professional skill.”

“I Was a Little Anxious at First
But There is Nothing to Worry About”

Advertisement by Eastman Kodak Company for Eastman Dupli-Tized, Contrast x-ray film
Journal of the American Medical Association
March 15, 1930

“A CASE presenting that ‘questionable quantity’ is annoying to you and it causes the patient endless worry. It is under these circumstances that x-rays are of first importance – they reveal info ration of basic value to correct diagnosis. “When you point to a radiograph which is authentic, sparking, full of detail and contrast, and say, ‘I can definitely see that there is nothing to worry about,’ you create a mental state which is a priceless adjunct to your scientific treatment.”

“FOR A Complete DIAGNOSIS
YOU SHOULD HAVE THIS Complete
KELEKET UNIT”

Advertisement by The Kelley-Koett Mfg. Co. for the Keleket Radiographic and Fluoroscopic Complete Unit
Journal of the American Medical Association
October 25, 1941

“Physicians who desire to broaden the scope of their practice will welcome the opportunity to secure this combination KELEKET Radiographic and Fluoroscopic unit on unusually convenient terms. The unit occupies only 5 ft. by 10 ft. Floor space, and will be expertly installed all ready for your patients. The unit includes tilting table, Bucky diaphragm, fluoroscopic screen, tube stand, floor rails, tube head, and these accessories, in addition: hand timer, foot switch, compression band, anatomical centimeter scale, radiographic cone and interconnecting cable.”

A health
examination
should be
THOROUGH”

Advertisement by Westinghouse X-Ray Company
Journal of the American Medical Association
March 14, 1931

“Physicians who use Westinghouse X-Ray apparatus tell us it not only helps them in the diagnosis of innumerable cases but that it also helps them in securing the complete confidence of their patients. This, too, is very important. The very foundation of a physician’s practice, next to his own skill and knowledge, is this confidence of his patients.”

Radium

“LOOKING FORWARD
How Often Have You Felt the Need of Radium
During Surgical Intervention?

Advertisement by The Radium Emanation Corporation
New York State Journal of Medicine
October 1, 1925

“MANY malignancies are so obscure and produce symptoms so lacking in characteristic manifestations that very often it is only after the patient is on the operating table that the true nature of the pathologic condition is recognized. With radium then at hand, it could be applied to the greatest advantage…

“You can have the advantage of this service by indicating delivery requirements — type of lesion to be radiated, its area and extent and pathology…”

do you treat
CANCER?

THE RADIUM EMANATION CORPORATION
MAINTAINS the most efficiently organized Radium laboratory to make available to you, at low cost, every facility for the use of Radium in your practice.
RADON SEEDS. Removable or permanent. We provide seeds of the composite type, with Radon under leak-proof glass seal. Filtration 0.3 mm. of Platinum…”

Advertisement by The Radium Emanation Corporation
Journal of the American Medical Association
March 13, 1937

“RADIUM
Radium and Radon for
all Medical Purposes
——-*——-
Prompt Delivery”

Advertisement by Radium Chemical Co., Inc.
Journal of the American Medical Association
May 5, 1951

****

“RADIUM
HOSPITAL
of
BROOKLYN”

Advertisement by the Radium Hospital of Brooklyn
New York State Journal of Medicine
October 1, 1925

“We desire to co-operate with physicians and surgeons, assuring them adequate amounts of Radium to meet the requirements of patients needing Radium treatment. Radium Element and emanation, Radium Chloride intravenous solutions, and Radio-active waters.
CHESTER F. DURYEA, M.D.
DIRECTOR”

Weight Reduction

Time you told her about Sucaryl
…the new non-caloric sweetener

Advertisement by Abbott Laboratories
Journal of the American Medical Association
April 24, 1954

“WITH SUCARYL, she can revel in all the sweetness she wants — and pay no penalty in added calories. SUCARYL tastes just like sugar, never has a sharp, ‘off’ taste in ordinary use. And SUCARYL keeps this sugar-like sweetness in cooking and baking. Prescribe SUCARYL Sodium for diabetic and reducing regimens; prescribe SUCARYL Calcium for low-salt diets. At all pharmacies.”

“Oh, sure…it’s easy for you to say
…but you aren’t half-starved all the time like me…since you put me on this reducing diet”

Advertisement by Maltbie Laboratories, Inc. for Efroxine Hydrochloride (methamphetamine)
Journal of the American Medical Association
May 5, 1951

“SACCHARIN
For the diabetic
For the overweight”

Advertisement by Monsanto Chemicals Company for Saccharin non-nutritive sweetener
Journal of the American Medical Association
April 10, 1954

“Non-nutritive sweetener needed? The recommend saccharin. Backed by fifty years of use, this product is low in cost, easy to use. It will not break down under heat. It has no unpleasant aftertaste…gives sweetness without calories.

“Your patients can take saccharin with confidence. To help them, Monsanto has prepared a booklet containing over seventy low-calories recipes based on saccharin. This booklet will put variety into your patients’ diet, ease their cooking problems.”

“the happy fat man: a popular misconception”

Advertisement by Smith, Kline & French Laboratories for Benzedrine Sulfate, “one of the fundamental drugs in medicine”
Journal of the American Medical Association
October 16, 1948

“That the fat man is a happy man is an example of widely accepted yet fallacious folk-lore.
Physicians know not only that overweight takes years from life, but also that it usually is the result of overeating — often due to underlying mental depression.
In overweight, Council-accepted ‘Benzedrine’ Sulfate will help:
1.Curb the fat man’s appetite and lower his level of satiety so that he sticks to his low-calorie diet;
2.Counteract the mental depression that may be the cause of overeating.
Remember, also, that ‘Benzedrine’ therapy makes unnecessary the use (and risk) of such potentially dangerous drugs as thyroid.”

“When Temptation
Obscures the View

Advertisement by Abbott Laboratories for Desoxyn hydrochloride (methamphetamine hydrochloride)
Journal of the American Medical Association
January 3, 1953

“When visions of better health and a new figure give way to the lure of forbidden foods, it’s time to consider DESOXYN Hydrochloride. DESOXYN gives new life to the diet by curbing the appetite and uplifting the patient’s morale. Weight for weight, DESOXYN is more potent than other sympathomimetic amines so that smaller doses can produce the desired anorexia with a minimum of side-effects…”

“HOW TO DO IT without MIRRORS
…WHEN PROLONGED DIETING BECOMES DULL”

Advertisement by Abbott Laboratories for Desoxyn Hydrochloride (Methamphetamine Hydrochloride)
Journal of the American Medical Association
October 16, 1948

“Of course she wants to be thinner, healthier and prettier, but sticking to the diet you prescribe may become very difficult after a time. When scales show she is cheating, you might prescribe Desoxyn Hydrochloride to depress the appetite. Desoxyn may be used until a satisfactory weight is obtained, or new eating habits definitely established.”

Pharmacies

“Dependable“

Advertisement by Walgreen Drug Stores
Journal of the American Medical Association
February 13, 1954

“The Jefferson Medical College
MILESTONE OF MEDICAL PROGRESS”

Advertisement by Rexall Drug Company
Journal of the American Medical Association
May 5, 1951

“Since its establishment in 1825, Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia has graduated nearly 19,000 well-trained doctors. The meritorious work of these physicians and surgeons can be traced to the practical method of clinical instruction which Jefferson introduced — a system of college clinics which has greatly influenced the teaching techniques of other medical schools….

“The Rexall Company also has an enviable reputation…”

“Peace and good will
at Christmas —
and all through the year…”

Advertisement by Walgreen Drug Stores
Journal of the American Medical Association
December 2, 1950

“Thank you, Doctor, for the peace of body and mind you brought your patients in 1950…for the good will you have shown your Walgreen Pharmacist. He wants you to know he is proud to serve you, to merit your trust. He offers you — at Christmas, and every day of the year — this sure peace of mind: At Walgreen’s your every prescription is compounded exactly of the finest, freshest drugs, with the utmost skill, accuracy, and care.”

Broadsides

“℞ FOR YOUNG DOCTORS
TO FULFILL YOUR OBLIGATION
OF SERVICE TO YOUR COUNTRY
Serve in the
New National Guard
In Your Community“

Advertisement by The National Guard of the United States
Journal of the American Medical Association
August 14, 1948

“If you are completing your internship or residency…or if you are a young doctor now practicing…the National Guard in your community offers you a chance to serve your nation and yourself…earn extra pay…associate with your friends and neighbors as you serve your community.

“Yes, the new National Guard is a fine prescription for young doctors who want to help protect America’s future!”

“Who Runs America?
The Congress? the President?
OR YOU AND THE MAN NEXT DOOR?
You and Your Neighbor Run America!”

Advertisement by the American Medical Association
Journal of the American Medical Association
October 7, 1950

“FREEDOM COMES UNDER ATTACK. The reality of war has made every American think hard about the things he’s willing to work and fight for — and freedom leads the list!

“But that freedom has been attacked here recently — just as it has been attacked in other parts of the world. One of the most serious threats to individual freedom has been the threat of Government-dominated Compulsory Health insurance, falsely presented as a new guarantee of health ‘security’ for everybody.

“THE PEOPLE WEIGH THE FACTS. In the American manner, the people studied the case for Socialized medicine—and the case against it.

‘They found that Government domination of the people’s medical affairs under Compulsory Health Insurance means; lower standards of medical care, higher payroll taxes, loss of incentive, damage to research, penalties for the provident, rewards for the improvident…

“They found that no country on earth can surpass America’s leadership in medical care and progress…”

“TRULY, THIS IS AMERICA
Physician, Patient, Pharmacist”

Advertisement by CIBA Pharmaceutical Products, Inc.
Journal of the American Medical Association
November 8, 1947

“THE PHARMACIST draws from hundreds of compounds, and from ingredients for special formulae…is alert always to new products, new forms of older drugs as they become available after exhaustive laboratory and clinical tests.


“In other days, and other lands, the doctor and the druggist were not always colleagues in healing. Differences in skills and in standards between apothecaries, ‘chymists,’ and physicians saw drugs of those days sold even by grocers.

“But in this blessed land the physician and the pharmacist are, in a sense, the right hand and the left hand of medical science. Each a master in his own field, they combine their skills to link the chain of Diagnosing, Prescribing, Compounding and Treating.

“And this is typically American! For it is not by law that they work together. The physician is free to dispense his own drugs. The patient to have a prescription filled at the pharmacy of his choice. And the pharmacist himself free to carry or decline to stock any drug he wishes.

“The fact that, in 1946, more than 336,000,000 prescriptions were written by physicians and filled by pharmacists — more than ever before in America’s history — clearly shows how deep in the confidence between physician, patient and pharmacist.

“Nothing illustrates this friendship more than they typical habit of the doctor dropping in to see a neighboring pharmacist — to talk shop — to discuss a new drug — to report on success and treatment.

“In this, Ciba shares satisfaction. For, from the laboratories of this research and manufacturing company, where medical men, chemists and pharmacologists work together in a similar way, come many of the fine pharmaceuticals American doctors prescribe and American pharmacists dispense.”

The Spirit of the Old
Country Doctor Lives On

Advertisement by Mead Johnson & Co.
Journal of the American Medical Association
August 27, 1932
[Number 25 in a series of non-product advertisements, published in Hygeia, a health magazine of the American Medical Association, December 1932, to promote periodic health examinations]

“…The old-time doctor did the best he could with the equipment and knowledge available to him. But how meager they were in comparison with the precision instruments and sounder knowledge of the present-day physician. In the past thirty years medicine has been revolutionized by new discoveries, better understanding of bodily processes and functions, new triumphs in surgery, improved methods in the care and feeding of babies, advances in rehabilitating the crippled, success in curing formerly incurable diseases.

“All this knowledge your physician has at hand. Trust to him when sickness comes.”

“Some things you should know about your family doctor”

Advertisement by Parke, Davis & Co.
Journal of the American Medical Association
November 8, 1947
[“Number 208 in the ‘See Your Doctor’ series…published in behalf of the medical profession in LIFE and other national magazines.”]

“IF YOUR family doctor were asked to value his own services, he would probably pass over the number of lives he saves in times of crisis.

“He would be likely to think first of the day-to-day help he gives to the hundreds of people who look to him as a medical advisor and friend.

“For your family doctor — and every family doctor — is primarily concerned with people. He knows each of his patients as an individual human being , whose physical make-up and reactions, whose personal problems are never quite like anyone else’s…

“SEE YOUR DOCTOR. Make him a part of your family’s life. His continuing supervision is your best guarantee that your children will grow up well and strong and that you will live a long and healthy life…”

“Some things you should know about your family doctor”

Advertisement by Parke, Davis & Co. Research and Manufacturing Laboratories, “Makers of medicines prescribed by physicians”
LIFE Magazine
1947
[“Number 208 in a series of messages from Parke, Davis & Co. om the importance of prompt and proper medical care.”]

“From a girl who is in love with a doctor”

Advertisement by Parke, Davis & Company
Journal of the American Medical Association
December 20, 1941
[“Number 173 of a series of full-page advertisements published by Parke, Davis & Co. In the interest of the medical profession. This campaign has been running in The Saturday Evening Post and other leading magazines for thirteen years.”]

“I’M IN LOVE with a doctor. So much in love with him that I married him — five years ago. And those five years have been the happiest years of my life.

“It hasn’t all been smooth sailing, by any means. But, looking back over some of the rough spots, I smile as I think how trivial most of them really were…

“For instance, that dinner I prepared for our first Christmas together. Poor Bob — it wasn’t his fault that he had to go out on a hurry call early in the morning that kept him away until late afternoon. When he came home, he found me in tears — my dinner ruined.

“You see, I hadn’t yet learned that when your husband is a doctor, he can’t ever belong wholly to you — not so long as there are people who are sick and need him. Honestly, I sometimes think that if I were one of Bob’s patients I might see more of him…

“But mostly there have been triumphs. And I can see now the expression on Bob’s face when he has worked the whole night through — but has succeeded in saving a life. These are triumphs that only a doctor can fully know … and only a doctor’s wife can share.”

Conclusion

Until the late-1950s, JAMA was the largest and most widely read medical journal in the world. According to longtime managing editor Robert Mayo, many issues exceeded 220 pages (with upwards of 100 pages of advertisements) and were so thick that the glue of the perfect binding was not strong enough to keep them from breaking apart in the mail. The rise in subspecialty medical society journals, combined with the proliferation of free medical publications (derided by traditional journals as “throw-aways”) that focused on physicians’ financial well-being and practice management (eg, Medical Economics) or leisurely pursuits (eg, MD Magazine), drew away pharmaceutical advertisers from JAMA. Beginning in the 1960s, advertisements for non-pharmaceutical products also disappeared from medical journals because drug companies conditioned their ad purchases on directing the attention of physician-readers to prescription drugs.

In 1985 the Food and Drug Administration approved direct-to-consumer advertising (DCTA) of prescription drugs on TV and in magazines and newspapers, which led to a further shift of  pharmaceutical industry ad spending  away from medical journals. Over the next 20 years, prescription drug sales increased more than five times that of the U.S. population. Between 1997 and 2016, the most rapid increase in medically related marketing (including hospital services, laboratory tests, and disease awareness campaigns) was for prescription drugs, which rose from $2.1 billion (11.9%) of total spending to $9.7 billion (32.0%), with a shift toward advertising on TV and the internet of the most costly drugs: biologics and cancer immunotherapies. By 2016 DTCA had risen to nearly half that of the $20.3 billion pharmaceutical companies spent on marketing to health care professionals.

At the turn of the 21st century, the decline and fall of print medical journals was further foretold by the rapid and easy accessibility of online publications. The dramatic decrease in circulation of the print editions of major peer-reviewed medical journals has meant that the revenue from prescription drug advertising has also dropped precipitously. Some print issues of JAMA no longer have any ads at all. The June 17, 2025 issue contained a lone 5-page advertisement for Wegovy.

Curator’s note: This exhibition was inspired by “JAMA Revisited,” a one-page section that appears in each issue of the journal and features an excerpt of an article, editorial, letter, or news item from the journal’s archive. Originally called “JAMA 100 Years Ago” from 1986 to 2013, it has been edited by Jennifer Reiling for more than 25 years.